A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY OF PSEUDOEXFOLIATION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING CATARACT SURGERY
Abstract
Background: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide, with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) being a potential risk factor for cataract development and progression. The diagnosis of PEX is of paramount importance as it is a major risk factor for complications during cataract surgery and the most frequent cause of secondary glaucoma.
Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of PEX in diabetic patients (more than 50 years of age) undergoing cataract surgery.
Study Design: This was a prospective hospital-based observational study conducted in the postgraduate department of ophthalmology, SKIMS Medical College and Hospital, Bemina. All the diabetic patients admitted for cataract surgery were evaluated for the presence of pseudoexfoliation.
Participants: 250 diabetic patients, aged more than 50 years and admitted for cataract surgery, were considered for this study.
Methods: This study was conducted on 500 eyes of 250 diabetic patients. Detailed diabetic history was collected from all the patients, including type and duration of diabetes, and the relevant drug history. BCVA, slit-lamp examination, IOP, Fundus and Gonioscopy were done in all the patients. The pattern of PEX deposition (on anterior lens capsule, pupillary margin, or both) was studied using a detailed slit-lamp examination.
Results: Out of total 500 study eyes, 418 had senile cataract and were admitted for the surgery. Among these 418 cataract eyes, 28 eyes had evidence of pseudoexfoliation, accounting for 6.7% of the total. When compared to a previous study conducted under the same hospital settings, PEX prevalence in non-diabetic patients with senile cataract was found to be higher at 22.52%. Thus, it was observed that diabetics have less PEX prevalence than non-diabetics, or than the general population.
Conclusions: It was observed that diabetics have a comparatively less PEX prevalence than non-diabetics, or than the general population. Several studies conducted in different populations have shown similar outcomes.
Implications: The key takeaway from this study is that diabetics exhibit less prevalence of PEX or conversely, pseudoexfoliation syndrome might be protective against diabetes. Our findings suggest that the existence of one of these in a patient makes the likelihood of the other significantly less. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings and for the etiopathogenesis of this negative association between PEX and Diabetes Mellitus.
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References
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